一.依赖文件*.deps.json的读取.
依赖文件内容如下.一般位于编译生成目录中
{ "runtimeTarget": { "name": ".NETCoreApp,Version=v3.1", "signature": "" }, "compilationOptions": {}, "targets": { ".NETCoreApp,Version=v3.1": { "PluginSample/1.0.0": { "dependencies": { "Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions": "5.0.0-rc.2.20475.5" }, "runtime": { "PluginSample.dll": {} } }, "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions/5.0.0-rc.2.20475.5": { "dependencies": { "Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives": "5.0.0-rc.2.20475.5" }, "runtime": { "lib/netstandard2.0/Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions.dll": { "assemblyVersion": "5.0.0.0", "fileVersion": "5.0.20.47505" } } ...
使用DependencyContextJsonReader加载依赖配置文件源码查看
using (var dependencyFileStream = File.OpenRead("Sample.deps.json")) { using (DependencyContextJsonReader dependencyContextJsonReader = new DependencyContextJsonReader()) { //得到对应的实体文件 var dependencyContext = dependencyContextJsonReader.Read(dependencyFileStream); //定义的运行环境,没有,则为全平台运行. string currentRuntimeIdentifier= dependencyContext.Target.Runtime; //运行时所需要的dll文件 var assemblyNames= dependencyContext.RuntimeLibraries; } }
二.Net core多平台下RID(RuntimeIdentifier)的定义.
安装 Microsoft.NETCore.Platforms包,并找到runtime.json运行时定义文件.
{ "runtimes": { "win-arm64": { "#import": [ "win" ] }, "win-arm64-aot": { "#import": [ "win-aot", "win-arm64" ] }, "win-x64": { "#import": [ "win" ] }, "win-x64-aot": { "#import": [ "win-aot", "win-x64" ] }, }
NET Core RID依赖关系示意图
win7-x64 win7-x86 | \ / | | win7 | | | | win-x64 | win-x86 \ | / win | any
.Net core常用发布平台RID如下
- windows (win)
win-x64
win-x32
win-arm
- macos (osx)
osx-x64
- linux (linux)
linux-x64
linux-arm
1. .net core的runtime.json文件由微软提供:查看runtime.json.
2. runtime.json的runeims节点下,定义了所有的RID字典表以及RID树关系.
3. 根据*.deps.json依赖文件中的程序集定义RID标识,就可以判断出依赖文件中指向的dll是否能在某一平台运行.
4. 当程序发布为兼容模式时,我们出可以使用runtime.json文件选择性的加载平台dll并运行.
三.AssemblyLoadContext的加载原理
public class PluginLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext { private AssemblyDependencyResolver _resolver; public PluginLoadContext(string pluginFolder, params string[] commonAssemblyFolders) : base(isCollectible: true) { this.ResolvingUnmanagedDll += PluginLoadContext_ResolvingUnmanagedDll; this.Resolving += PluginLoadContext_Resolving; //第1步,解析des.json文件,并调用Load和LoadUnmanagedDll函数 _resolver = new AssemblyDependencyResolver(pluginFolder); //第6步,通过第4,5步,解析仍失败的dll会自动尝试调用主程序中的程序集, //如果失败,则直接抛出程序集无法加载的错误 } private Assembly PluginLoadContext_Resolving(AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext, AssemblyName assemblyName) { //第4步,Load函数加载程序集失败后,执行的事件 } private IntPtr PluginLoadContext_ResolvingUnmanagedDll(Assembly assembly, string unmanagedDllName) { //第5步,LoadUnmanagedDll加载native dll失败后执行的事件 } protected override Assembly Load(AssemblyName assemblyName) { //第2步,先执行程序集的加载函数 } protected override IntPtr LoadUnmanagedDll(string unmanagedDllName) { //第3步,先执行的native dll加载逻辑 } }
微软官方示例代码如下:示例具体内容
class PluginLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext { private AssemblyDependencyResolver _resolver; public PluginLoadContext(string pluginPath) { _resolver = new AssemblyDependencyResolver(pluginPath); } protected override Assembly Load(AssemblyName assemblyName) { string assemblyPath = _resolver.ResolveAssemblyToPath(assemblyName); if (assemblyPath != null) { //加载程序集 return LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath); } //返回null,则直接加载主项目程序集 return null; } protected override IntPtr LoadUnmanagedDll(string unmanagedDllName) { string libraryPath = _resolver.ResolveUnmanagedDllToPath(unmanagedDllName); if (libraryPath != null) { //加载native dll文件 return LoadUnmanagedDllFromPath(libraryPath); } //返回IntPtr.Zero,即null指针.将会加载主项中runtimes文件夹下的dll return IntPtr.Zero; } }
1. 官方这个示例是有问题的.LoadFromAssemblyPath()函数有bug,
该函数并不会加载依赖的程序集.正确用法是LoadFormStream()
2. Load和LoadUnmanagedDll函数实际上是给开发者手动加载程序集使用的,
自动加载应放到Resolving和ResolvingUnmanagedDll事件中
原因是,这样的加载顺序不会导致项目的程序集覆盖插件的程序集,造成程序集加载失败.
3. 手动加载时可以根据deps.json文件定义的runtime加载当前平台下的unmanaged dll文件.
这些平台相关的dll文件,一般位于发布目录中的runtimes文件夹中.
四.插件项目一定要和主项目使用同样的运行时.
- 如果主项目是.net core 3.1,插件项目不能选择.net core 2.0等,甚至不能选择.net standard库
- 否则会出现不可预知的问题.
- 插件是.net standard需要修改项目文件,<TargetFrameworks>netstandard;netcoreapp3.1</TargetFrameworks>
- 这样就可以发布为.net core项目.
- 若主项目中的nuget包不适合当前平台,则会报Not Support Platform的异常.这时如果主项目是在windows上, 就需要把项目发布目标设置为win-x64.这属于nuget包依赖关系存在错误描述.
五.AssemblyLoadContext.UnLoad()并不会抛出任何异常.
当你调用AssemblyLoadContext.UnLoad()卸载完插件以为相关程序集已经释放,那你可能就错了.官方文档表明卸载执行失败会抛出InvalidOperationException,不允许卸载官方说明。
但实际测试中,卸载失败,但并未报错.
六.反射程序集相关变量的定义为何阻止插件程序集卸载"htmlcode">
namespace PluginSample
{
public class SimpleService
{
public void Run(string name)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Hello World!");
}
}
}
namespace PluginSample { public class SimpleService { public void Run(string name) { Console.WriteLine($"Hello World!"); } } }
加载插件
namespace Test { public class PluginLoader { pubilc AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext; public Assembly assembly; public Type type; public MethodInfo method; public void Load() { assemblyLoadContext = new PluginLoadContext("插件文件夹"); assembly = alc.Load(new AssemblyName("PluginSample")); type = assembly.GetType("PluginSample.SimpleService"); method=type.GetMethod() } } }
1. 在主项目程序中.AssemblyLoadContext,Assembly,Type,MethodInfo等不能直接定义在任何类中.
否则在插件卸载时会失败.当时为了测试是否卸载成功,采用手动加载,执行,卸载了1000次,
发现内存一直上涨,则表示卸载失败.
2. 参照官方文档后了解了WeakReferece类.使用该类与AssemblyLoadContext关联,当手动GC清理时,
AssemblyLoadContext就会变为null值,如果没有变为null值则表示卸载失败.
3. 使用WeakReference关联AssemblyLoadContext并判断是否卸载成功
public void Load(out WeakReference weakReference) { var assemblyLoadContext = new PluginLoadContext("插件文件夹"); weakReference = new WeakReference(pluginLoadContext, true); assemblyLoadContext.UnLoad(); } public void Check() { WeakReference weakReference=null; Load(out weakReference); //一般第二次,IsAlive就会变为False,即AssemblyLoadContext卸载失败. for (int i = 0; weakReference.IsAlive && (i < 10); i++) { GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); } }
4. 为了解决以上问题.可以把需要的变量放到静态字典中.在Unload之前把对应的Key值删除掉,即可.
七.程序集的异步函数执行为何会阻止插件程序的卸载"htmlcode">
public class SimpleService
{
//同步执行,插件卸载成功
public void Run(string name)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
}
//异步执行,卸载成功
public Task RunAsync(string name)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
//异步执行,卸载成功
public Task RunTask(string name)
{
return Task.Run(() => {
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
});
}
//异步执行,卸载成功
public Task RunWaitTask(string name)
{
return Task.Run( async ()=> {
while (true)
{
if (CancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
{
break;
}
await Task.Delay(1000);
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
}
});
}
//异步执行,卸载成功
public Task RunWaitTaskForCancel(string name, CancellationToken cancellation)
{
return Task.Run(async () => {
while (true)
{
if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested)
{
break;
}
await Task.Delay(1000);
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
}
});
}
//异步执行,卸载失败
public async Task RunWait(string name)
{
while (true)
{
if (CancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
{
break;
}
await Task.Delay(1000);
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
}
}
//异步执行,卸载失败
public Task RunWaitNewTask(string name)
{
return Task.Factory.StartNew(async ()=> {
while (true)
{
if (CancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
{
break;
}
await Task.Delay(1000);
Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!");
}
},TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach);
}
}
public class SimpleService { //同步执行,插件卸载成功 public void Run(string name) { Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); } //异步执行,卸载成功 public Task RunAsync(string name) { Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); return Task.CompletedTask; } //异步执行,卸载成功 public Task RunTask(string name) { return Task.Run(() => { Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); }); } //异步执行,卸载成功 public Task RunWaitTask(string name) { return Task.Run( async ()=> { while (true) { if (CancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested) { break; } await Task.Delay(1000); Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); } }); } //异步执行,卸载成功 public Task RunWaitTaskForCancel(string name, CancellationToken cancellation) { return Task.Run(async () => { while (true) { if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested) { break; } await Task.Delay(1000); Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); } }); } //异步执行,卸载失败 public async Task RunWait(string name) { while (true) { if (CancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested) { break; } await Task.Delay(1000); Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); } } //异步执行,卸载失败 public Task RunWaitNewTask(string name) { return Task.Factory.StartNew(async ()=> { while (true) { if (CancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested) { break; } await Task.Delay(1000); Console.WriteLine($"Hello {name}!"); } },TaskCreationOptions.DenyChildAttach); } }
1. 以上测试可以看出,如果插件调用的是一个常规带wait的async异步函数,则插件一定会卸载失败.
原因推测是返回的结果是编译器自动生成的状态机实现的,而状态机是在插件中定义的.
2. 如果在插件中使用Task.Factory.StartNew函数也会调用失败,原因不明.
官方文档说和Task.Run函数是Task.Factory.StartNew的简单形式,只是参数不同.官方说明
按照官方提供的默认参数测试,卸载仍然失败.说明这两种方式实现底层应该是不同的.
八.正确卸载插件的方式
- 任何与插件相关的非局部变量,不能定义在类中,如果想全局调用只能放到Dictionary中,
- 在调用插件卸载之前,删除相关键值.
- 任何通过插件返回的变量,不能为插件内定义的变量类型.尽量使用json传递参数.
- 插件入口函数尽量使用同步函数,如果为异步函数,只能使用Task.Run方式裹所有逻辑.
- 如果有任何疑问或不同意见,请赐教.
NFinal2开源框架。https://git.oschina.net/LucasDot/NFinal2/tree/master
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